檢測(ce)電(dian)纜(lan)橋架(jia)承(cheng)載(zai)能(neng)力(li)主(zhu)要有(you)以(yi)下(xia)幾(ji)種方(fang)法：

　　There are several methods to test the bearing capacity of cable trays, including:

　　1.靜載(zai)試驗

　　1. Static load test

　　· 試(shi)驗(yan)準備：根據(ju)橋架(jia)規(gui)格(ge)和設計(ji)要求，確(que)定(ding)試驗載(zai)荷值(zhi)。通(tong)常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)砝(fa)碼(ma)、鋼(gang)條或(huo)其(qi)他(ta)非(fei)連續(xu)剛性材(cai)料(liao)作(zuo)為(wei)加(jia)載(zai)物，確(que)保載(zai)荷均勻(yun)分布(bu)在橋架(jia)上(shang)。

　　·Test preparation: Determine the test load value based on the specifications and design requirements of the bridge frame. Usually, weights, steel bars, or other non continuous rigid materials are used as loading objects to ensure that the load is evenly distributed on the bridge.

　　· 加(jia)載(zai)過程(cheng)：將橋架(jia)固定(ding)在試驗支(zhi)架上(shang)，按照(zhao)規定(ding)的(de)加(jia)載(zai)速(su)度和步驟(zhou)，逐步(bu)增加(jia)載(zai)荷設計(ji)的(de)工(gong)作載(zai)荷（SWL）。加(jia)載(zai)過程(cheng)中需保持(chi)載(zai)荷均勻(yun)分布(bu)，避免局部過載(zai)。

　　·Loading process: Fix the bridge frame on the test bracket, gradually increase the load to the designed safe working load (SWL) according to the specified loading speed and steps. During the loading process, it is necessary to maintain a uniform distribution of load to avoid local overload.

　　· 測量與(yu)觀(guan)察(cha)：在(zai)加(jia)載(zai)過程(cheng)中及加(jia)載(zai)完成(cheng)後(hou)，測(ce)量橋架(jia)的(de)撓(nao)度、變(bian)形情況，檢(jian)查(zha)橋架(jia)是否(fou)有(you)明(ming)顯的(de)變(bian)形、裂紋、焊點(dian)開(kai)裂等(deng)問題。合(he)格(ge)的(de)橋架(jia)在(zai)承受額(e)定(ding)均布(bu)荷載(zai)時(shi)，相(xiang)對(dui)撓(nao)度應不(bu)大於(yu)1/200。

　　·Measurement and observation: During and after the loading process, measure the deflection and deformation of the bridge frame, and check whether there are obvious permanent deformations, cracks, and weld cracking on the bridge frame. Qualified cable trays should have a relative deflection of no more than 1/200 when subjected to rated uniformly distributed loads.

　　2.動(dong)載(zai)試驗

　　2. Dynamic load test

　　· 模(mo)擬(ni)動態荷載(zai)：通過振(zhen)動(dong)臺或(huo)其(qi)他(ta)設(she)備，模(mo)擬橋架(jia)在(zai)實際使用(yong)中可(ke)能(neng)遇到的(de)動(dong)態荷載(zai)，如機械(xie)振(zhen)動、車輛(liang)行(xing)駛(shi)引起(qi)的(de)振(zhen)動等(deng)。加(jia)載(zai)頻率和幅值(zhi)應根據(ju)橋架(jia)的(de)使用(yong)環境和設計(ji)要求確(que)定(ding)。

　　·Simulate dynamic loads: By using a vibration table or other equipment, simulate the dynamic loads that bridge structures may encounter in actual use, such as mechanical vibrations, vibrations caused by vehicle movement, etc. The loading frequency and amplitude should be determined according to the usage environment and design requirements of the bridge.

　　· 試驗過程(cheng)：在(zai)動(dong)態荷載(zai)作用下(xia)，持(chi)續(xu)壹定(ding)時(shi)間（如(ru)數(shu)小(xiao)時(shi)或(huo)數(shu)天(tian)），觀(guan)察(cha)橋架(jia)的(de)結(jie)構穩定(ding)性、連(lian)接部位的(de)松動(dong)情況以(yi)及(ji)是否(fou)有(you)異常(chang)響(xiang)聲或(huo)變形(xing)。

　　·Experimental process: Under dynamic load for a certain period of time (such as several hours or days), observe the structural stability of the bridge, the looseness of the connection parts, and whether there are any abnormal sounds or deformations.

　　· 結(jie)果評估：試驗結(jie)束(shu)後(hou)，檢(jian)查(zha)橋架(jia)的(de)結(jie)構完整性，測(ce)量(liang)橋架(jia)的(de)疲(pi)勞損(sun)傷程(cheng)度(du)，如(ru)裂紋擴(kuo)展(zhan)情況、焊(han)點(dian)疲(pi)勞強(qiang)度等(deng)。動載(zai)試驗主(zhu)要檢(jian)驗(yan)橋架(jia)在(zai)長期動態荷載(zai)下的(de)承(cheng)載(zai)能(neng)力(li)和耐久(jiu)性。

　　·Result evaluation: After the experiment is completed, the structural integrity of the bridge frame is checked, and the fatigue damage degree of the bridge frame is measured, such as crack propagation and fatigue strength of welding points. The dynamic load test mainly tests the bearing capacity and durability of the bridge under long-term dynamic loads.

　　3.極(ji)限載(zai)荷試驗(yan)

　　3. Ultimate load test

　　· 確(que)定(ding)極(ji)限載(zai)荷值(zhi)：根據(ju)橋架(jia)的(de)設(she)計(ji)參(can)數(shu)和材料(liao)性能(neng)，計(ji)算(suan)或(huo)參(can)考標(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)極(ji)限載(zai)荷值(zhi)，通(tong)常(chang)為(wei)工(gong)作載(zai)荷的(de)1.5倍(bei)左右。

　　·Determine the ultimate load value: Based on the design parameters and material properties of the bridge frame, calculate or refer to the standard specified ultimate load value, which is usually about 1.5 times the safe working load.

　　· 加(jia)載(zai)操(cao)作(zuo)：將橋架(jia)加(jia)載(zai)極(ji)限載(zai)荷值(zhi)，保持(chi)壹定(ding)時(shi)間（如(ru)15-30分鐘(zhong)），觀(guan)察(cha)橋架(jia)的(de)變(bian)形、破壞情況。若(ruo)橋架(jia)在(zai)極(ji)限載(zai)荷下未(wei)發(fa)生(sheng)破壞或(huo)超過(guo)允(yun)許(xu)的(de)變(bian)形範圍，則(ze)說明(ming)其(qi)承(cheng)載(zai)能(neng)力(li)滿(man)足要求。

　　·Loading operation: Load the bridge to the maximum load value and maintain it for a certain period of time (such as 15-30 minutes), observe the deformation and damage of the bridge. If the bridge does not fail or exceed the allowable deformation range under ultimate load, it indicates that its bearing capacity meets the requirements.

　　· 風險(xian)提示：極(ji)限載(zai)荷試驗(yan)具有(you)壹(yi)定(ding)風險(xian)，可(ke)能(neng)導(dao)致橋架(jia)損(sun)壞，因(yin)此需(xu)在(zai)人(ren)員(yuan)指(zhi)導(dao)下(xia)進(jin)行(xing)，並(bing)采取必(bi)要的(de)防(fang)護措(cuo)施。

　　·Risk Warning: Extreme load testing carries certain risks and may cause damage to the bridge frame. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct it under the guidance of professional personnel and take necessary safety precautions.

　　4.理(li)論計(ji)算(suan)驗(yan)證(zheng)

　　4. Theoretical calculation verification

　　· 收(shou)集(ji)參(can)數(shu)：獲取橋架(jia)的(de)材(cai)質、規格(ge)尺(chi)寸、支(zhi)撐(cheng)間距(ju)、電纜(lan)荷載(zai)等(deng)參(can)數(shu)，以(yi)及橋架(jia)的(de)設(she)計(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)和規範要求。

　　·Collect parameters: Obtain the material, specification dimensions, support spacing, cable load and other parameters of the bridge frame, as well as the design standards and specification requirements of the bridge frame.

　　· 計(ji)算(suan)承(cheng)載(zai)能(neng)力(li)：根據(ju)力(li)學原(yuan)理(li)和相(xiang)關公(gong)式(shi)，計(ji)算(suan)橋架(jia)的(de)允(yun)許(xu)均布(bu)荷載(zai)、集中荷載(zai)等(deng)承載(zai)能(neng)力(li)指(zhi)標(biao)。常(chang)用(yong)的(de)計(ji)算(suan)方(fang)法包(bao)括(kuo)梁的(de)彎(wan)曲強(qiang)度計(ji)算(suan)、撓(nao)度計(ji)算(suan)等(deng)。

　　·Calculate bearing capacity: Based on mechanical principles and relevant formulas, calculate the allowable uniformly distributed load, concentrated load and other bearing capacity indicators of the bridge frame. The commonly used calculation methods include bending strength calculation and deflection calculation of beams.

　　· 對比驗證(zheng)：將計(ji)算(suan)結(jie)果(guo)與(yu)實際(ji)試驗(yan)結(jie)果(guo)或(huo)設計(ji)要求進行(xing)對(dui)比，若(ruo)計(ji)算(suan)值(zhi)與(yu)試驗(yan)值(zhi)偏(pian)差(cha)較大，需(xu)分析(xi)原因(yin)並(bing)調整設(she)計(ji)或(huo)施工(gong)方(fang)案(an)。以(yi)上(shang)方(fang)法可(ke)根據(ju)實(shi)際(ji)需求和條件(jian)選(xuan)擇(ze)使用(yong)，對於(yu)重要工(gong)程(cheng)或(huo)對承(cheng)載(zai)能(neng)力(li)要求較高(gao)的(de)橋架(jia)，建(jian)議結合(he)多(duo)種(zhong)方(fang)法進(jin)行(xing)綜合(he)檢(jian)測(ce)，以(yi)確(que)保橋架(jia)的(de)性和可(ke)靠(kao)性。

　　·Comparative verification: Compare the calculated results with the actual experimental results or design requirements. If the calculated values deviate significantly from the experimental values, analyze the reasons and adjust the design or construction plan. The above methods can be selected and used according to actual needs and conditions. For important projects or bridge structures with high load-bearing capacity requirements, it is recommended to combine multiple methods for comprehensive testing to ensure the safety and reliability of the bridge structure.

　　本文由  山(shan)東(dong)電(dian)纜(lan)橋架(jia) 友(you)情奉(feng)獻.更(geng)多有關的(de)知(zhi)識請(qing)點(dian)擊(ji)  http://wdyvw.cn//  真誠的(de)態度.為您(nin)提供(gong)為的(de)服(fu)務.更(geng)多有關的(de)知(zhi)識我們將會陸續(xu)向大家(jia)奉獻.敬(jing)請(qing)期待(dai).

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